Sensei Achdiyat: THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEMORIZING VOCABULARIES TO IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILL

THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEMORIZING VOCABULARIES OF ENGLISH INTENSIVE AT IAIN SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON TO IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILL

PROPOSAL

Present to

State Collage For Islamic Studies

In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement Thesis

Written by :

IIS ACHDIYAT. N

1410130172

ENGLISH DEPEARTMENT

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

STATE COLLAGE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

SYEKH NURJATI CIREBON

2013

Theoretical foundation

Introduction

Here, I’m as researcher, wanna try to research about “The Influence Of The Memorizing Vocabularies Of English Intensive At Iain Syekh Nurjati Cirebon To Improving Speaking Skill”. As we know, that, “Speaking is to say words, to talk, to be able to talk in a particular language”, and it’s not enough, we must memorizing vocabulary to improve our skill, exactly in speaking skill. So, follow me to do this research. Check it out.

A. The ‘Y’ Variable

As we know speaking is action of tell information or express feel, think and idea. Speaking is to say words, to talk, to be able to talk in a particular language. ( Chamber Dictionary, 1998 : 106 ). Hornby ( 1924 : 827 ) states that, speaking is make use of language in an ordinary, not singing. While Mackey ( 1965 : 263 ) states that, speaking is the most complex of linguistic language.

The characteristic speaking is Characteristics of speaking style and implications for speech recognition.

Differences in speaking style are associated with more or less spectral variability, as well as different modulation characteristics. The greater variation in some styles (e.g., spontaneous speech and infant-directed speech) poses challenges for recognition but possibly also opportunities for learning more robust models, as evidenced by prior work and motivated by child language acquisition studies. In order to investigate this possibility, this work proposes a new method for characterizing speaking style (the modulation spectrum), examines spontaneous, read, adult-directed, and infant-directed styles in this space, and conducts pilot experiments in style detection and sampling for improved speech recognizer training. Speaking style classification is improved by using the modulation spectrum in combination with standard pitch and energy variation. Speech recognition experiments on a small vocabulary conversational speech recognition task show that sampling methods for training with a small amount of data benefit from the new features.

Here, there are many kinds of speaking skill are speech, telling story, conversation, interview and etc.

Those is the definition of speech, telling story, conversation, interview are :

Speech is a formal occasion when someone speaks to an audience. Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009–2013.

Storytelling is the art in which a teller conveys a message, truths, information, knowledge, or wisdom to an audience - often subliminally - in an entertaining way, using whatever skills, (musical, artistic, creative) or props he chooses, to enhance the audience's enjoyment, retention and understanding of the message conveyed. Berice Dudley, NSW © 1997.

Conversation is The spoken exchange of thoughts, opinions, and feelings; talk. An instance of this: held a long conversation on the subject. An informal discussion of a matter by representatives of governments, institutions, or organizations. Dictionary of the English Language, 2009.

Interview is a conversation in which one person (the interviewer) elicits information from another person (the subject or interviewee). A transcript or account of such a conversation is also called an interview. The interview is both a research method and a popular form of nonfiction. Elizabeth Chiseri-Strater and Bonnie Stone - Sunstein : 1997.

B. The X Variable

a. Define the ‘X’ variable

As we know, that in speaking skill, we have to memorizing vocabulary if we wanna say, speak, talk something. Vocabulary as words known and used by one person or within a particular trade or prefession. ( Webster’s New World Dictionary ( 1996 : 678 )

b. Kinds of Vocabulary

There are many kinds of vocabulary in English. According to A. Ghani Johan ( 2012 : 12 ) that, based on function the types of vocabulary can be classified into eight groups. These group are called parts of speech, that are :

1. Noun

Noun is the word that indicate to person, thing, place, animal, idea and etc.

Example : chair, book, Indonesian, a club and etc.

2. Pronoun

Pronoun is the word that replacement noun, in Indonesian language mentioned pronoun.

Example : I, you, me, us, this, something, whom, myself, mine, and etc

3. Verb

Verb is the word that indicate to action that do by subject.

Example : make, feel, look and etc

4. Adverb

Adverb is the word that explain how the way, where is the place, when the time, how many and etc.

Example : quickly, here, yesterday and etc

5. Adjective

Adjective is the words that used to explain noun and pronoun.

Example : small, some, single, smart handsome and etc.

6. Preposition

Preposition is the word that indicate combine between noun, pronoun and other words.

Example : at, in, on,, above and etc.

7. Conjunction

Conjunction is the words that used to indicated word by word, say by say, and etc. Example : you and me, I’m from Cirebon, and etc.

8. Interjection

Interjection is a direct saying that mean to tell a feel or think that suddenly feel or appear such as surprise, feeling, glad, broken, and etc.

c. The special kind of X variable

The correlation between all of them, I choose one vocabulary, that is, verb, why? Because, there are many word that used to by us, when we speaking English in daily activities.

For example : I go to school, the word “go” here, it’s mean that, verb, and as we know, verb always used to in daily activities. So, I choose verb, because, verb is very important when we speak, when we will do something, and etc.

d. The strengthness

The strengthness are, we can say whatever without think first, without ask to our friends, besides that, we can make a sentence directly without writing. And in my opinion, the most important in English is memorizing vocabulary, after that, we must apply in daily activities to improving our speaking skill.

e. The awakeness

The awakeness is sometimes, our students lazy to memorizing vocabularies, so this method isn’t valid, because, make a participants lazy to study.

C. ‘X’ and ‘Y’ variable

I believed, that memorizing vocabulary can increased our speaking skill. In my experienced, when I wanna spoke or said English in public, i just silent, because I didn’t know what will I said, and the problem is, I never memorizing vocabulary, so I didn’t know what will I said. So the conclusion is, the influence memorizing vocabulary is very benefit to improving our speaking skill, don’t ever stop to memorizing vocabulary, because the vocabulary is very important, when we wanna say or speak something exactly in speaking skill.

Logic or no, of course this research is very logic, because in English without memorizing vocabularies, we can’t say whatever. So, in my opinion, memorizing vocabularies to improve speaking skill this research is very logic and very valid. Of course, my research is very needed by people, because as we know, if we wanna say, speak, or talk in speech, conversation and the others, we need vocabularies to speak, without vocabulary, we will not able to speak or say something. Bygate (1987:4) points out “one fundamental difference is that both can be understood and memorized, but only a skill can be imitated and practiced.” One of the characteristics of speech in everyday life is that speech is spontaneous. That is, in most situations, people do not plan ahead of time what they are going to say. Only in more formal situations, such as when a person has been asked to give a speech, do people plan and organize their speech. Byrne argues that: "we are not of course suggesting that single skill activities are not effective: there will in fact be many occasions when we shall ask the students just to talk or read or write, because this is appropriate.” He then emphasizes, "equally, however we should be looking for opportunities to knit skills together, because this is what happens in real life ."(Byrne,1976,131). “You can say very little with grammar, but you can say almost anything with words.” David Wilkins, (cited in Thornbury : 2002). Memorization and improvisation: a comparison of two strategies in the oral acquisition of English as a second language, as an inquiry, has been examined by Liu (2006).